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| Valuation | Estimating the value of a business by calculating assets liabilities and earnings. Many different models can be used to value a company, this process is used to determine whether or not the asking price is too high. |
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| Value Investing | a theory and practice of investing in stable companies when they are undervalued due to temporary market conditions. This style of investing maintains that the value of the stock should not be determined based upon emotion but rather on the thorough investigation of a company's value. Value investing is practiced by Warren Buffet. |
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| Value-added tax | Commonly known as VAT, is a tax that is added to a product at each point of its production. Ex. Beer, would have multiple points of production growing the hops, brewing the beer and finally bottling the beer. |
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| Variable annuity | A contract that gives future payments to the holder, usually at retirement. The amount of the payments is dependant on the perfomance of selected securities. |
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| Variable Cost | a company's expense that fluctuates when the production of their good or the use of their service increases or decreases. |
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| Venture Capital |
A type of high risk financing most commonly for start up businesses. A lot of tech companies get their start this way because their ideas may be difficult to valuate for traditional lending institutions. Banks may see them as too risky. |
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| Voting Rights |
The rights of common stock holders to vote and set company policy goals, and chose directors. Often shareholders are given one vote per common share, however a company can choose to issue different classes of shares and attached to those classes can be varying voting rights. |
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